On October 18, 2024, we held an exchange meeting with Mr. Makoto Kanda, former Vice-Minister of Finance for International Affairs (currently Special Adviser to the Cabinet and Special Adviser to the Ministry Finance). Mr. Kanda delivered a lecture on the theme "Transformations in the World and Policy Responses (including the Japanese Economy from the Perspective of the Balance of Payments)." After the lecture, there was a lively exchange of opinions among Japan Akademeia members, resulting in passionate discussions from various perspectives.